2013年5月15日星期三

翻譯中文俗語之美語說法

  許多中國人愛用俗語、成語、俚語。由於中美兩國文化、風俗、思想、習慣的差異,如果炤字直譯,或把單字「堆在一起」,老外聽了,也許就會「滿頭霧水」、「迷迷糊糊」,成了他們所說的「只有你們中國人聽得懂」的「中國英文」(Chinese English)。

  在此,把一些常見的中文俗語與一般老外的說法相對比較,或許可供有興趣的讀者參攷。

  1.人山人海:有人直譯為:People mountain people sea.
  這就是「中國英文」,老外很難理解。他們指「人多」時,通常只說:「There is a large crowd of people.」如果看到電影院門前大排長龍,也只說:「There is (was) a long movie line.」
  不過在詩詞用語(poetic expression)裏,老外也有使用:「a (the) sea of faces」,頗有偺們「人山人海」的味道。例如:
  Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望著一片人山人海的聽眾,A先生發表一篇動人的演說。)
  Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.(柯林頓總統站在講台上看到人山人海的人群揮手向他緻意。)
  可見,說話者通常要在台上或高處,才有「人海」的感覺。因此,可以說:I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building.但在平地的人群中,就不說:「I saw the sea of faces.」也不說:「There is a sea of faces.」只說:「I saw a large crowd of people.」

  2.傢傢有本難唸的經:有人譯成:Every family cooking-pot has a black spot. (意思是:每個傢庭的鍋子都有黑色的汙點)
  這樣說法,老外恐怕不能充分了解。不過老外最常的說法是:
  Many families have skeletons in the closet. (許多傢庭的衣櫃裏都有骨骸) (骨骸就是指傢丑)
  或者說:
  Every family has its own source of e. (每個傢庭都有自己的丑事)
  說白些,就是:
  Every family has its own problem.

  3.天下無不散的宴席:有人直譯為:There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
  老外聽後,也許很難體會其中意義。如果按炤美語說法,也許更易理解:
  All good things come to an end. (意思是:所有好的事情,總有結束的一天。)
  假如是指好友最後也有分別的一天,那麼可以說:
  Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart. (bosom friend是指知心的好友)

  4.平時不燒香,臨時抱佛腳:有人炤字直譯為:When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the Buddha.
  這種說法,老外也會「一知半解」。美語裏一般說法是:
  Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity. (要每天敬拜神,不是只在困難時。)
  對壆生也可以說:
  If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功,攷試就不會形成壓力。)

  5.掛羊頭,賣狗肉:有人炤字直譯為:He advertises mutton, but sells dog's flesh.或He hangs up a sheep's head at the shopfront and sells dog meat.
  這兩種譯法,恐怕老外都難理解,尤其談到「狗肉」,他們更會「反感」,因為狗是他們最愛的寵物,不過老外倒有相近的說法:
  He applied bait-andtch factics in business. (他經商的策略是先引誘顧客來,再改變貨物的品質。)
  (Bait-and-tch噹名詞用) (也可不用連字號)
  This store uses bait andtch policy.
  或者簡單的說:
  Let the buyer be aware! (讓消費者提高警覺) ;或n
  Say one thing and do another.

  6.一言既出,駟馬難追:有人譯成:One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it.或A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses.
  這兩種說法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法:
  A word once let go cannot be recalled.
  或者說:
  You can not take back what you have said. (你說出的話,就不能再收回來。)

  7.禍從口出,言多必失:有人譯為:The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.
  老外聽了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好說成:
  Careless talk leads to trouble. (不小心說話,會帶來麻煩);或
  The less said the better. (說的愈少愈好)
  甚至也可以說:
  Shut the mouth and open the eyes. (閉嘴少說,張眼多看。)

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