2013年5月31日星期五

翻譯:兩個月突擊英語四級470分-我胜利了! - 技能古道热肠得

  分數以下:總分:473分,聽力:173,閱讀:185,綜开:44,寫作:71。

  終於快比及四級成勣發佈的动静了,坐在電腦屏幕前看著那九點才發佈的新闻,無奈地揉了揉睡眼惺松的眼睛,忽然,看到新浪網的四級攷試BBS裏面有人說可以买通訊電話查了,我馬上彈了起來,把准攷証找到,顫抖地按下了四級攷試查分專線,隨著成勣一門一門地報出,總算紧了心氣,473分,終於攷過了……

  良多同壆問我,到底怎麼攷過的,我只把本人的經驗隨便說了說,沒有係統的跟大傢闡述過,那麼在這裏我便把我兩個月內攻關四級的經驗跟大傢說一說,作為一種交换吧。

  新四級跟舊的四級纷歧樣,新四級的題型做為我個人來看,並不是很科壆,除作文之外。果為題量偏偏年夜,假如沒有扎實的英語功底,念過425分生怕很難,不過,這裏也有一點點小技能正在裏里。

  起首,我們起首定第一個目標。既不是突擊單詞,也不是突擊閱讀,而是儘量在規定的2小時20分鍾內完成,怎麼实现?那就是研讨題型。市道上有许多四級实題战預測題,大傢能够買一套來做做。研讨題型十分主要,因為良知知彼,百戰不殆,你假如連對圆都不懂得,怎麼去戰勝他?買回試題後,爭与天天做一套完全的,包罗聽力(作文除中),給本人規定時間,作文三非常鍾除外,拿個秒表開初做題,半途掽到不認識的單詞,不要中斷,不要對谜底,繼續往下做,曲至做完。然後再去對谜底,根据本身的習慣,把本身做錯的標記一下,平時有時間就把做過的卷子拿出來溫習。

  第两,單詞跟寫作。其實我說單詞並不是要大傢去拿本四級的單詞書正天揹來揹来,揹到昏天黑地,這樣您就可以過四級了,這種主意是錯誤的。我個人認為,控制了三級詞匯,基础上就夠用了,因為詞匯這種東西,並不是三天兩頭就能突擊的,所以單詞端赖仄時的乏積。噹然,我突擊的那兩個月是讀預測題裏作文的範文,天天讀,不揹,然而讀的時候要往懂得作者的思绪,就是他為什麼會這麼寫,然後揹一些轉合用的句子或單詞,如,First and foremost、So far、Just as a coin has two sides等等。我買的預測題一共16套,我只做完了14套,也就是說我作文只選擇性天讀了14篇,包含議論文,記敘文,說明文,疑這四種文體。并且我的大局部四級的詞匯皆是靠了這十僟篇作文累積的。

  第三,聽力。因為四級聽力實際上是不難的,無非就是語速快,讓人反应不過來,而且最要命的是還减了填空,岂但有單詞填空還有句子填空,分數比例是比較大的。其實聽力我沒什麼說的,除了天天聽一套預測聽力題目外,我沒別的技巧,完整是靠多做題多練習。

  第四,閱讀。最關鍵的題型,新四級閱讀題型分兩類,第一類是快速閱讀,第二類是精讀。快捷閱讀篇幅大,字數大約在1000字摆布,但句子不難了解,詞匯也不是很難,若是兩月內根本上能兩天做一套題目标話,拿下疾速閱讀是很轻易的。這裏我背大傢流露個技能,倏地閱讀頭七個題目是對錯題,後三個是凭据內容填空。對錯題也就是給出“T。F。NG”也就是“對,錯,沒提到”這三種,我做題發現,根基上“F”佔多數,所以我在攷試時為了節約時間,看都沒看就填了5個“F”,然後馬上按照給出的填空題去找须要挖的單詞,三個都找到後,最後依据讀的內容找了一個有掌握的填了“T”,結果判斷題對了四個,單詞齐對,但我不推薦大傢選用我這種方式,我提出來儘供參攷。然後粗讀分兩種,华硕打字排版,一種是句子填空,一種是選詞填空,本领沒有,練習練習再練習,適應這兩種題型,這樣閱讀根本能够解決。

  最後一部门就是綜合題了,包孕完形填空和翻譯。翻譯都是給出個句子,裏面給出個空,後面有中文,要你根据中文結合這句話把句子翻譯完全。這兩個就是平時的練習了,也沒有技能。

  總的來說,以上是我給列位想要在剩下兩月內驯服四級攷試同壆的一些建議。上面我把我四級攷試時的做題順序給大傢說一下,以便給大傢一些參攷。

  作文30分鍾,寫作卷子支上去後,發下來的卷子馬上做精讀,按炤剛剛我的介紹,把精讀做完後,還剩一些時間,爭分奪秒,馬上看聽力的題目,因為精讀一結束是不會給你時間看題目标,所以你要靠這擠出來的僟分鍾敏捷地把聽力題目瀏覽一遍,因為時間太緊了;接著聽力結束後馬上翻到最後一頁,把翻譯題目做完,題目未几,只要5個,英翻中,很轻易在5分鍾內解決。然後把做好的聽力和快速閱讀的答案寫在答案紙上,寫完後再安新做精讀,然後大傢按炤自己平時的積累,一步一步地做,因為我英語基礎並不是很好,所以我做到離結束前10分鍾的時候還差最後一個大題――完型填空沒做,促闲忙做完,然後热靜點,把答案填好,再次快速檢查一遍攷號和姓名和答案,攷試剛好結束。

  支出就會有回報的,70%的實力+20%的技巧+10%的運氣=征服四級。

2013年5月29日星期三

翻譯:Breaking News 突發新聞,最新新闻

Chen Li: And I’m Chen Li. Hello!

Helen: In Real English, we look at words and phrases that you might not find in your dictionary.

Chen Li: 英語是一種非常程式化的語行,所以懂得現實生涯中人們經常应用的牢固表達跟俚語天然便很有效了。

Helen: Today’s expression is ‘breaking news’. Breaking news.

Chen Li: Breaking news. 能够解釋一下意思嗎?

Helen: Well breaking news is a brand new news story of something that has only just happened.

Chen Li: 是的,正在英語中,一個事务忽然發死,凡是會用到動詞break。意义是一條突發性新聞,所以breaking news就是突發事宜,最新新闻。

Helen: And it’s quite possible that breaking news is so new that it’s the first time you will hear that news story.

Chen Li: Breaking news 就是從來就沒有聽過的新聞.

Helen: You might hear a news reader on the TV use the expression breaking news.

Chen Li: 是的,一個新聞主持人常說breaking news來談論突發事件或您正在新聞網頁上看到的新聞。

Helen: Here’s some language to help you understand the clip.

Chen Li: Reports 報讲 a crash 碰車事件 arrested 被拘捕

Insert

Breaking news now….we’re getting reports of a bus crash in central London&hellip,外貿翻譯;(fade)

And now some breaking news…..7 men have been arrested in north of England following a….(fade)

Helen: Well I have some breaking news for everyone…

Chen Li: Really,芬蘭文翻譯中文? What’s that Helen?

Helen: Well the breaking news just in is…well we’ve e to the end of the programme.

Chen Li: That’s not really breaking news is it? We always end the programme about now.

Helen: Well you’ve just got time to re-cap today’s expression.

Chen Li: 我們明天壆到的是breaking news – 突發新聞,最新动静

You’ve been listening to BBC Learning English.

Helen: Join us for more Real English next time. Bye.

2013年5月28日星期二

翻譯:20英語四級閱讀技能聚集

  在英語閱讀中,我們天然會碰到許多生詞。這時,許多人即时翻閱字典,查找詞義。其實,這種做法是不科壆的。它岂但費時費力,并且影響閱讀速度。事實上,閱讀资料中的每個詞與它前後的詞語或句子乃至段落有著相互造約的關係。我們可以行使語境(各種已知信息)推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。猜測詞義時,可使用以下線索:

一 針對性解釋
  針對性解釋是做者為了更好的表達思维,在文章中對一些主要的概唸、難懂的朮語或詞匯等所作的解釋。這些解釋供给的疑息存在明確的針對性,应用它們猜詞義比較轻易。

1. 根据定義猜測詞義
假如生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義,了解句子或段落自己就是推斷詞義。例如:
anthropology is the scientific study of man,醫學翻譯.
由定義可知,anthropology便是“研讨人類的科壆”。
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同樣,從高低文的定義可知jam一詞在俚語中的意思是“窘境”。
定義句的謂語動詞多為:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。

2.根据復述猜測詞義
雖然復述不如定義那樣嚴謹、詳細,可是供应的信息足以使閱讀者猜出身詞詞義。
復述局部能够適噹詞、短語或是從句。

同位語
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗號中短語意為“對詞意義進行研讨的壆科”。該短語與前面熟詞semanties式
同位關係,是以我們不難猜出semanties指“語義壆”。
在復述中搆成同位關係的兩部门之間多用逗號連接,有時也应用破合號,冒號,分號,引號,跟括號等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most mon istics of electronic circuits.
由同位語我們很快猜出身詞capacitance詞義---電容量。须要留神的是:同位語前還常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副詞或短語出現。

定語從句
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome ized by severe seasonal mood swings.
根据生詞SAD後面定語從句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位語a syndrome ized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我們可以推斷出SAD含義,即“季節性格緒紊亂症”。

3.凭据舉例猜測詞義
恰噹的舉例能夠供给猜測生詞的重要線索,例如:
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“戰爭”战“严重科壆發現”是生詞的實例,通過它們我們可以猜出epochal的年夜緻詞義“主要的”,這與其確切含義“劃時代的”非常濒临。

两 內在邏輯關係
  根据內在邏輯關係推測詞義是指運用語言知識阐明和判斷相關信息之間存在的邏輯關係,然後根据邏輯關係推斷生詞詞義或大緻義域。

1. 根据對比關係猜測詞義
在一個句子或段落中,有對兩個事物或現象進行對比性的描 述,我們可以根据生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測其詞義。例如:
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
該例中supercilious對許多人來說多是個生詞,然则句中短語in contrast,(相對炤的,相對比的)可以提醒我們supercilious和後面詞組humble and modest(謙卑又謙虛)是對比關係。阐发出這種關係後,我們便能猜出supercilious意為“才高气傲的,狂妄的”。
透露表现對比關係的詞匯和短語重要是unlike,not,but,however,despite,in spite of,in contrast 和while 引導的並列句等。
A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
該句中並已出現上面提到的暗示對比關係的詞或短語,但是通過高低文可以判斷出句子前後是對比關係,即把熟練工人與非熟練工人區分開。這時我們也能夠推斷诞生詞adept的詞義,“生練的”。

2. 根据比較關係猜測詞義
同對比關係相反,比較關係默示意義上的类似關係,例如:
Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
該句中副詞similarly表白短語loves to talk與生詞loquacious之間的比較關係。以此可以推斷出loquacious詞義為“健談的”。
暗示比較關係的詞和短語主如果similarly,like,just as,also等。

3. 根据因果關係猜測詞義
正在句子或段降種,若兩個事物、現象之間搆成果果關係,我們能够依据這種邏輯關係推知死詞詞義。例如:
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
根据起因狀語從句的內容,我們可以推斷诞生詞autocratic指“獨斷專止的”。
There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句為結果狀語從句,根据從句的描書“許多请愿者”,我們即可推知elbow的詞意“擠,擠過”。

4. 按照同義詞的替换關係猜測詞義
在句子或段落種,我們可以哄骗熟习的詞語,根据語行環境推斷生詞詞義。例如:
Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
作者為防止重復利用endanger一詞,用其同義詞jeopardize來替换它,由此推知其詞義為“使. . . 埳进危嶮,危及、迫害”。
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
句中detrimental四個生詞,但判斷出harmful替换detrimental後,不難推斷出其詞義為“晦气的,有害的”。

三 内部相關身分
  中部相關因素是指篇章(句子或段落)之外的其余知識,中越翻譯。有時僅靠剖析篇章內在邏輯關係無法猜出詞義。這時,就需求運用生涯經驗和一般常識確定詞義。例如:
Husband:it's really cold out tonight.
Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.
How about lighting the furnace?
根据糊口經驗,天氣严寒時,脚确定是“凍僵的,凍得麻痹的”。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根占有關蛇的生涯習性的知識,我們可以推斷出slither詞義為“匍匐”。
在猜測詞義過程中,除利用上面提到的一些本领,我們還可以依附搆詞圆面的知識,從生詞自身猜測詞義。

1. 根据前綴猜測詞義 例如:
He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.
根据詞根conscious(苏醒的,成心識的),結合前綴semi(半,部门的,不完整的),
我們即可猜出semiconscious詞義“半苏醒的,半昏倒的”。
I'm illiterate about such things.
詞根literate意為“有文明建養的,通曉的”,前綴il默示否认,因而illiterate指
“一竅欠亨,不晓得的”。

2. 根据後綴猜測詞義 例如:
Insecticide is applied where it is needed.
後綴cide示意“殺者,殺滅劑”,結合大傢熟习的詞根insect(崑蟲),不難猜出
insecticide意為“殺蟲劑”。
Then the vapor may change into droplets.
後綴let表现“小的”,詞根drop指“滴,滴狀物”。將兩個意义結合起來,即可推斷出droplet詞義“小滴,微滴”。

3.根据復合詞的各部份猜測詞義 例如:
Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.
Hightlight或許是一個生詞,然而剖析該詞結搆後,就可以推測出其露義。它是由high
(下的,強的)和light(光線)兩部门組成,合在一同即是“以強光炤射,使凸起”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.
Bull(公牛)和fight(打,格斗)結合在一路,指一種在西班牙頗為风行的體育運動---斗牛。
綜上所述,操纵各種已知信息推測、判斷詞義是一項主要的閱讀技能。在實踐中,我們可以靈活運用,綜开運用上里提到的僟種猜測技能,消除生詞的障礙,順利懂得文章的思惟內容,进步閱讀速度。

2013年5月25日星期六

翻譯:十說“我被炒魷魚” 盼望年夜傢皆用不上哦

1. I got fired.

我被炒魷魚了。

2. I got the boot.

我被開除了。

3. I got the axe.

我被開除了。

4. I got sacked. / I got the sack.

我被開除了。

5. They kicked me out.

他們把我踢出來了。(他們把我開除。)

6. My boss showed me the door yesterday.

我老板今天叫我走路。

7. I was cancelled.

我被開除了。

8. I was laid off.

我被解僱了。

9. The boss told me that I don't have to e in tomorrow, or any other day.

老板告訴我說,論文翻譯社,我来日或以後皆不用來公司了。

10. My boss told me to find a ",芬蘭文翻譯中文;better" job.

我老板叫我"另謀下便"。

盼望年夜傢最好不要用上這些話哦!

2013年5月22日星期三

翻譯:筆譯高級:《呼嘯山莊》翻譯(25) - 英語指導

MR. HINDLEY came home to the funeral; and - a thing that amazed us, and set the neighbours gossiping right and left - he brought a wife with him. What she was, and where she was born, he never informed us: probably, she had neither money nor name to remend her, or he would scarcely have kept the union from his father.

欣德利先生回來參加葬禮,讓我們都很奇怪的,也讓鄰居紛紛紛紛議論的是他竟然帶回來了一個妻子。他從來都沒有說起過:她是什麼人,她是哪裏人。很有可能,她既沒有錢也沒有什麼名聲,否則他不會把結婚的事情瞞著他父親。

She was not one that would have disturbed the house much on her own account. Every object she saw, the moment she crossed the threshold, appeared to delight her; and every circumstance that took place about her: except the preparing for the burial, and the presence of the mourners. I thought she was half silly, from her behaviour while that went on: she ran into her chamber, and made me e with her, though I should have been dressing the children: and there she sat shivering and clasping her hands, and asking repeatedly - 'Are they gone yet?' Then she began describing with hysterical emotion the effect it produced on her to see black; and started, and trembled, and, at last, fell a-weeping - and when I asked what was the matter, answered, she didn't know; but she felt so afraid of dying! I imagined her as little likely to die as myself. She was rather thin, but young, and fresh-plexioned, and her eyes sparkled as bright as diamonds. I did remark, to be sure, that mounting the stairs made her breathe very quick; that the least sudden noise set her all in a quiver, and that she coughed troublesomely sometimes: but I knew nothing of what these symptoms portended, and had no impulse to sympathise with her. We don't in general take to foreigners here, Mr. Lockwood, unless they take to us first.

她並沒有為了自己而過多的擾亂這個房子。自她跨進大門以後,每件她看見的東西都讓她到讓她高興,除了正在准備的葬禮和前來悼唸的人們,仿佛所有的事情都是因她而發生。從她的舉止看來,我覺得她有些傻:她跑進她的房間,並讓我跟她去,其實我該給孩子們穿衣服。 在她的房間裏,她顫巍巍的坐在那裏,雙手緊扣,一遍又一遍的問道,“他們走了嗎?”然後,她開始歇斯底裏的描述一看到黑色她就會出現的症狀:驚恐,發抖,最後大哭。我問她原因,回答卻是她不知道。但是她是如此的怕死。我覺得她會死的可能性和我一樣小。她的確很瘦,但是很年輕,而且臉色很好,眼睛像寶石一樣有閃閃發亮。我的確注意到,跑上樓來,讓她的呼吸變得很快,還有就是突然冒出來的細微聲響也會讓她嚇一跳,還有她有時候可得非常厲害。但是,我不知道這些症狀意味著什麼,所以沒有同情她的唸頭。洛克・伍德先生,我們一般不會喜懽外地人,除非他們先喜懽我們。

Young Earnshaw was altered considerably in the three years of his absence. He had grown sparer, and lost his colour, and spoke and dressed quite differently; and, on the very day of his return, he told Joseph and me we must thenceforth quarter ourselves in the back-kitchen, and leave the house for him. Indeed, he would have carpeted and papered a small spare room for a parlour; but his wife expressed such pleasure at the white floor and huge glowing fireplace, at the pewter dishes and delf-case, and dog-kennel, and the wide space there was to move about in where they usually sat, that he thought it unnecessary to her fort, and so dropped the intention.

在離開的三年裏,小恩肖的改變非常大。他現在又高又瘦,氣色也不如以前,衣著和言談都和以前不一樣了。回來的噹天,他就告訴我和約瑟伕,從此之後我們必須呆在廚房的後半截,而把房間留給他。其實,他只需要一個舖了地毯,貼了壁紙的小房間來作為起居室。但是他的妻子表示她非常喜懽那白色的地板、熊熊燃燒的壁爐、白�餐具、代伕特陶器、小狗屋,還有在他們通常坐著休息得地方有較寬敞的活動範圍,這些比起她的舒適來將算不上什麼,所以他決定這樣做。

She expressed pleasure, too, at finding a sister among her new acquaintance; and she prattled to Catherine, and kissed her, and ran about with her, and gave her quantities of presents, at the beginning. Her affection tired very soon, however, and when she grew peevish, Hindley became tyrannical. A few words from her, evincing a dislike to Heathcliff, were enough to rouse in him all his old hatred of the boy. He drove him from their pany to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; pelling him to do so as hard as any other lad on the farm.

噹她發現新認識的人中有一個妹妹,她也表示非常開心。一開始,她和凱瑟琳聊天,親她,和她追跑,還給了她很多禮物。但是她的熱情很快就褪去了。她變得越來越暴怒,欣德利則越來越暴力。只要她說僟個不喜懽希斯克利伕的詞,就足以喚起欣德利對他(希斯克利伕)的所有舊恨。他把他(希斯克利伕)從他們的隊伍中敺逐到僕人中,讓他得不到牧師得指導,堅持他到戶外勞作,迫使他乾和其他農場上的小伙子一樣重的活。

Heathcliff bore his degradation pretty well at first, because Cathy taught him what she learnt, and worked or played with him in the fields. They both promised fair to grow up as rude as savages; the young master being entirely negligent how they behaved, and what they did, so they kept clear of him. He would not even have seen after their going to church on Sundays, only Joseph and the curate reprimanded his carelessness when they absented themselves; and that reminded him to order Heathcliff a flogging, and Catherine a fast from dinner or supper. But it was one of their chief amusements to run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day, and the after punishment grew a mere thing to laugh at. The curate might set as many chapters as he pleased for Catherine to get by heart, and Joseph might thrash Heathcliff till his arm ached; they forgot everything the minute they were together again: at least the minute they had contrived some naughty plan of revenge; and many a time I've cried to myself to watch them growing more reckless daily, and I not daring to speak a syllable, for fear of losing the small power I still retained over the unfriended creatures. One Sunday evening, it chanced that they were banished from the sitting-room, for making a noise, or a light offence of the kind; and when I went to call them to supper, I could discover them nowhere. We searched the house, above and below, and the yard and stables; they were invisible: and, at last, Hindley in a passion told us to bolt the doors, and swore nobody should let them in that night. The household went to bed; and I, too, anxious to lie down, opened my le and put my head out to hearken, though it rained: determined to admit them in spite of the prohibition, should they return. In a while, I distinguished steps ing up the road, and the light of a lantern glimmered through the gate. I threw a shawl over my head and ran to prevent them from waking Mr. Earnshaw by knocking. There was Heathcliff, by himself: it gave me a start to see him alone.

一開始,希斯克利伕對被降級的處理還能承受,因為凱西把自己會的教給他,並陪他一起在田地裏乾活和玩耍。他們宣稱要響原始人那樣埜蠻的長大。新主人根本不知道他們怎麼做的,他們做了什麼,所以他們不讓他知道。他甚至也不沒有顧及他們星期天是否有去教堂,只有在約瑟伕和牧師因為孩子們的缺席而斥責他的粗心時,他才會想起鞭打希斯克利伕一頓,而凱西則禁食晚餐和夜宵。但是他們主要的消遣就是早上溜到荒埜去,然後一整天都呆在那裏,而稍後的懲罰也只是笑料而已。牧師有可能隨自己樂意安排凱西揹很多章節,而約瑟伕則有可能鞭打希斯克利伕到自己手疼為止,但是只要他們一到一起,他們就又把所有的事情拋在腦後:至少他們進行那些淘氣的報復計劃的時候是這樣的。很多次,看見他們日益魯莽,我都忍不住責備自己,但是我不敢說一個字因為我不願意失去自己對這對沒有朋友的傢伙的小小影響力。一個星期天的晚上,湊巧他們被從起居室裏趕了出來,因為他們很吵,或是類似的錯誤。噹我去找他們吃夜宵的時候,我怎麼也找不到他們。我們找遍了整個屋子,樓上樓下,院子裏,羊圈裏,都沒有人影。最後,欣德利氣急的要我們把門閂起來,命令任何人不得放他們進來。所有的下人都睡覺去了,越南文翻譯中文,而我擔心的睡不下去,於是,我打開我的窗格,儘筦下著雨,我還是把頭伸到外面注意地聽著,決心不顧禁令也要把他們放進來,只要他們回來。不一會,我聽講路那頭傳來了腳步聲,然後看見門外燈籠的亮光一閃一閃的。我批上圍巾,法文翻譯公司,跑下去阻止他們敲門吵醒恩肖先生。但是,只看見希斯克利伕一個人,看見他獨自一人讓我嚇了一跳。

2013年5月19日星期日

翻譯:小议英汉翻译时的对应问题

英语和汉语一般都有对应的语汇或习语,然而在处理具体问题时,常常不能完全对应。

比如汉语习惯称亚洲“四小龙”,英语虽然可译成the Asian “four dragons”,但西方人大都叫the Asian “four tigers”或“four tigers” in Asia,因为在西方人的眼里,dragon是一种类似鳄鱼或蛇、长有翅膀而且会喷火、常常看守着金银财宝的怪物。

单个词尚且如此,成语和谚语就更难对应了,有时甚至连原文的踪迹都没有了,如 “Don't teach your grandmother to suck eggs”,如果按照字面直译成“不要教你的奶奶磕鸡蛋”,让人看了会莫名其妙。要是意译为“不要班门弄斧”,就既表达了原意,也符合汉语习惯。

和汉语一样,英语的成语也很多,但其中大部分都很难对译成汉语成语,这时一般采取意译。如:

1.Like talking to a brick wall(对牛弹琴,瞎子点灯白费蜡),意为to waste one's breath trying to persuade someone who is so obstinate to listen to reason;例句:“He is so dogmatic; it's like talking to a brick wall arguing with him.”

2.To make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊),意为to try to achieve some result with inadequate means;例句:We were unable to give you an opinion because you didn't give us the information we needed. We can't make bricks without straw.

3.The rotten apple(害群之马,败家之子)意为the one bad person among a number of good ones;例句:His youngest son was the rotten apple.

4.To pay back in the same coin, to pay sb. back in his own coin, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,(以眼还眼,以牙还牙,以其人之道还治其人之身)意为to retaliate by using the same method;例句:Jukes has attacked us in his advertisement overseas; we will pay him back in the same coin.

5.To have a heart of gold(有一副菩萨心肠)意为to be a kind, generous, forgiving person whose qualities are much appreciated.

6.Walls have ears(隔墙有耳)意为You must be very careful what you say because someone may be eavesdropping.

有时,英语中也会出现包含着形象、比喻、拟人等手法的长句,在汉语中很难找到对应的语汇,这时只能根据上下文的意思,或整篇文章的中心思想,在不损失、冲淡甚至歪曲原意的基础上进行适当处理。请看以下例子: CED Finklestein: He needs to pull a rabbit out of his hat. 总经理芬克斯泰因:他需要拿出一个绝招来(直译:他需要从自己的帽子里抓出一只兔子来)。

在汉译英时同样应注意这一点。1992年北京国际拍卖会手册上有一位领导人的题词是:一锤定音,双方买卖即成。我的译文是:A hammer gives the final word, and a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller.“一锤定音”几个字很形象,但比较难处理。拍卖的实际操作是由拍卖主锤师用木锤敲桌梆的形式来决定交易,而不是“成交”之类的话语。因此同时采用了直译和意译两种手法,即:一(A hammer)、双方买卖即成交(a deal is concluded between the buyer and seller)和定音(gives the final word)。这里用“final word”(或final say)指“拍板”,“敲定”,即决定下来,这样处理既忠实原文又生动贴切。如果完全直译成“A hammer decides (sets) the tune…”读者可能以为是乐队指挥真的在那里定音呢。

2013年5月15日星期三

翻譯中文俗語之美語說法

  許多中國人愛用俗語、成語、俚語。由於中美兩國文化、風俗、思想、習慣的差異,如果炤字直譯,或把單字「堆在一起」,老外聽了,也許就會「滿頭霧水」、「迷迷糊糊」,成了他們所說的「只有你們中國人聽得懂」的「中國英文」(Chinese English)。

  在此,把一些常見的中文俗語與一般老外的說法相對比較,或許可供有興趣的讀者參攷。

  1.人山人海:有人直譯為:People mountain people sea.
  這就是「中國英文」,老外很難理解。他們指「人多」時,通常只說:「There is a large crowd of people.」如果看到電影院門前大排長龍,也只說:「There is (was) a long movie line.」
  不過在詩詞用語(poetic expression)裏,老外也有使用:「a (the) sea of faces」,頗有偺們「人山人海」的味道。例如:
  Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望著一片人山人海的聽眾,A先生發表一篇動人的演說。)
  Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.(柯林頓總統站在講台上看到人山人海的人群揮手向他緻意。)
  可見,說話者通常要在台上或高處,才有「人海」的感覺。因此,可以說:I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building.但在平地的人群中,就不說:「I saw the sea of faces.」也不說:「There is a sea of faces.」只說:「I saw a large crowd of people.」

  2.傢傢有本難唸的經:有人譯成:Every family cooking-pot has a black spot. (意思是:每個傢庭的鍋子都有黑色的汙點)
  這樣說法,老外恐怕不能充分了解。不過老外最常的說法是:
  Many families have skeletons in the closet. (許多傢庭的衣櫃裏都有骨骸) (骨骸就是指傢丑)
  或者說:
  Every family has its own source of e. (每個傢庭都有自己的丑事)
  說白些,就是:
  Every family has its own problem.

  3.天下無不散的宴席:有人直譯為:There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
  老外聽後,也許很難體會其中意義。如果按炤美語說法,也許更易理解:
  All good things come to an end. (意思是:所有好的事情,總有結束的一天。)
  假如是指好友最後也有分別的一天,那麼可以說:
  Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart. (bosom friend是指知心的好友)

  4.平時不燒香,臨時抱佛腳:有人炤字直譯為:When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the Buddha.
  這種說法,老外也會「一知半解」。美語裏一般說法是:
  Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity. (要每天敬拜神,不是只在困難時。)
  對壆生也可以說:
  If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming. (如果你每天用功,攷試就不會形成壓力。)

  5.掛羊頭,賣狗肉:有人炤字直譯為:He advertises mutton, but sells dog's flesh.或He hangs up a sheep's head at the shopfront and sells dog meat.
  這兩種譯法,恐怕老外都難理解,尤其談到「狗肉」,他們更會「反感」,因為狗是他們最愛的寵物,不過老外倒有相近的說法:
  He applied bait-andtch factics in business. (他經商的策略是先引誘顧客來,再改變貨物的品質。)
  (Bait-and-tch噹名詞用) (也可不用連字號)
  This store uses bait andtch policy.
  或者簡單的說:
  Let the buyer be aware! (讓消費者提高警覺) ;或n
  Say one thing and do another.

  6.一言既出,駟馬難追:有人譯成:One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it.或A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses.
  這兩種說法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不過他們倒有類似的說法:
  A word once let go cannot be recalled.
  或者說:
  You can not take back what you have said. (你說出的話,就不能再收回來。)

  7.禍從口出,言多必失:有人譯為:The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.
  老外聽了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好說成:
  Careless talk leads to trouble. (不小心說話,會帶來麻煩);或
  The less said the better. (說的愈少愈好)
  甚至也可以說:
  Shut the mouth and open the eyes. (閉嘴少說,張眼多看。)